Mid-Atlantic-New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. New England-Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island. Today, towns and townships operate in 20 states, in three regions of the nation: The territorial governor and legislature began to create county and township governments in 1790, with the townships largely coinciding with the six-mile square land divisions established in the federal surveys of the region. A critical step in this process was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, enacted by Congress to establish the initial government of the territory that eventually became the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. Township governments were actually in place in most of the Midwestern states before they achieved statehood. From New England, town government-in one form or another-spread south and west to several mid-Atlantic states and most of the Midwest. The nation owes many of its present ideas of local self-governance to these colonial organizations, including the town meeting and the election of citizens to individual offices and boards. New England towns of the 17th century were the first real local governments on the American continent, with Virginia counties running a close second. More so than any other form of local government, towns and townships are rooted in rural and small-town traditions. Towns and townships comprise more than 20 percent of the U.S. This total includes more than one million persons in each of 10 states: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. The 16,519 towns and townships in the United States serve more than 50 million residents, according to Census of Governments figures. Census Bureau) have a special significance as small community institutions. Town and township governments (both labeled “townships” by the U.S.
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